Older Americans Act

Older Americans Act
Long title	An Act to provide assistance in the development of new or improved programs to help older persons through grants to the States for community planning and services and for training, through research, development, or training project grants, and to establish within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare an operating agency to be designated as the "Administration on Aging".
Acronyms (colloquial)	OAA
Nicknames	Older Americans Act of 1965
Enacted by	the 89th United States Congress
Effective	July 14, 1965
Citations
Public law	89-73
Statutes at Large	79 Stat. 218
Codification
Titles amended	42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social Welfare
U.S.C. sections created	42 U.S.C. ch. 35 § 3001 et seq.
Legislative history
	Introduced in the House as H.R. 3708 by John E. Fogarty (D–RI) on March 9, 1965; Committee consideration by House Education and Labor, Senate Labor and Public Welfare; Passed the House on March 31, 1965 (396-1); Passed the Senate on May 27, 1965 (passed voice vote) with amendment; House agreed to Senate amendment on July 6, 1965 (passed voice vote); Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 14, 1965;

Older Americans Act of 1965
Long title:	To provide assistance in the development of new or improved programs to help older persons through grants to the States for community planning and services and for training, through research, development, or training project grants, and to establish within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare an operating agency to be designated as the ‘‘Administration on Aging’’.

The Older Americans Act of 1965 (Pub.L. 89–73, 79 Stat. 218) was the first federal level initiative aimed at providing comprehensive services for older adults. It created the National Aging Network comprising the Administration on Aging on the federal level, State Units on Aging at the state level, and Area Agencies on Aging at the local level.^[1] The network provides funding - based primarily on the percentage of an area's population 60 and older - for nutrition and supportive home and community-based services, disease prevention/health promotion services, elder rights programs, the National Family Caregiver Support Program, and the Native American Caregiver Support Program.^[2]^[3]

The Act was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on July 14, 1965.^[4]

In 2016, Congress reauthorized the Act in its entirety, effective through FY 2019.^[5]

Overview[edit]

President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act another piece of Great Society legislation.

The OAA was passed as a part of Lyndon Johnson's Great Society reforms. It followed closely behind the Civil Rights Act and the Economic Opportunity Act which included many similarly structured programs, based around a centralized network of funding for a decentralized (community level) service delivery system. The OAA was a response to Congressional concerns about the lack of community social services for senior citizens.^[5]

Funding for many Great Society programs as well as Johnson’s political capital, dwindled during the Vietnam War. Some programs and agencies were dismantled by later administrations, such as Nixon’s and Ford’s slow dissolution of the Office of Economic Opportunity. Other programs, such as those under the OAA, Medicare, Medicaid, and initiatives in the arts and humanities continue to survive.

The stated purpose of the OAA is to ensure equal opportunity to the fair and free enjoyment of: adequate income in retirement; the best possible physical and mental health services without regard to economic status; suitable housing; restorative and long term care; opportunity for employment; retirement in health, honor, and dignity; civic, cultural, educational and recreational participation and contribution; efficient community services; immediate benefit from proven research knowledge; freedom, independence, and the exercise of self-determination; and protection against abuse neglect and exploitation.^[6]

Legislative Process[edit]

Representative John E. Fogarty (D-RI) introduced legislation on January 27, 1965 as H.R. 3708. The bill moved through the House and was referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor in March 1965. It passed the House on March 31 on a 395 to 1 roll call vote. The bill established an Administration on Aging (AoA) within the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW).

In the Senate, H.R.3708 was introduced by Lister Hill (D-AL). On June 16, the Senate passed H.R. 3708 by a roll call vote of 72 to 5. On July 6, 1965, the House agreed to the Senate’s version of H.R. 3708.^[7]

Structure[edit]

The act is divided into seven titles.

Title I is a declaration of objectives.
Title II establishes the Administration on Aging to carry out the provisions of the act.
Title III provides federal funding for state agencies on aging and establishes the nutrition program. The nutrition program provides nutritional services, such as congregate and home-delivered meals, and is the largest expenditure of the OAA. This title also mandates the creation of corresponding state agencies before states may be eligible for this funding.
Title IV creates a number of specific projects related to the objectives of the act. These include healthcare service in rural areas, computer training, civic engagement, and Native American programs.
Title V establishes a program for engaging low-income senior citizens in community service employment and volunteer opportunities.
Title VI establishes grants for certain Native American-focused programs on aging.
Title VII creates state grants for "vulnerable elder rights protection" programs.

Demographics[edit]

No one over age 60 can be denied services from OAA programs, except on the discretion of the state's State Unit on Aging which may impose more restrictive criteria.^[8] In FY 2008 these initiatives provided services to nearly 3 million people, and for FY 2011 the federal appropriation for all programs is $1.9 billion.^[9] A disproportionate number of seniors receiving services (27%) are below the poverty line (compared to 9.7% of the general population over age 60).^[9] Recipients of services under OAA are more likely to be female (71% vs. 57% of persons over 60). African Americans are over represented among OAA recipients and all other minorities are under represented. Recipients are also almost twice as likely to be rural, more likely to live alone, and on average have less income, less education, and are less healthy than those persons in the general population aged 60 and over.^[10]

Programs created[edit]

Administration on Aging (AoA) established under the Department of Health and Human Services as the federal level advocate for the aging population, and coordinator for service delivery to the elderly
National Eldercare Locator Service a toll free hotline for identifying community resources
Support Services to promote independence with regard to transportation, home care, legal aid, case management, and adult day care,
Nutrition Programs including congregate and home delivered meals
National Family Caregiver Support Program to provide respite services, education, training, and counseling to seniors providing kinship care, and to the caregivers of seniors
Health Promotion providing educational services, counseling and consultation
Aging and Disability Resource Centers to facilitate the dissemination of information on available resources
The Older American Community Service Employment Act (OAA Title V) which works with the Department of Labor to provide employment opportunities for seniors
Grants to Tribal Organizations
The Long-term Care Ombudsman Program
Elder Abuse, neglect, and exploitation public education services

Amendments to 1965 Act[edit]

Chronological amendments and revisions to the Older Americans Act of 1965.

Date of Enactment	Public Law Number	U.S. Statute Citation	U.S. Legislative Bill	U.S. Presidential Administration
July 1, 1967	Pub.L. 90–42	81 Stat. 106	H.R. 10730	Lyndon B. Johnson
September 17, 1969	Pub.L. 91–69	83 Stat. 108	H.R. 11235	Richard M. Nixon
March 22, 1972	Pub.L. 92–258	86 Stat. 88	S. 1163	Richard M. Nixon
November 28, 1975	Pub.L. 94–135	89 Stat. 713	H.R. 3922	Gerald R. Ford
October 18, 1978	Pub.L. 95–478	92 Stat. 1513	H.R. 12255	Jimmy E. Carter
April 1, 1986	Pub.L. 99–269	100 Stat. 78	H.R. 2453	Ronald W. Reagan
November 29, 1987	Pub.L. 100–175	101 Stat. 926	H.R. 1451	Ronald W. Reagan
September 30, 1992	Pub.L. 102–375	106 Stat. 1195	H.R. 2967	George H.W. Bush
November 13, 2000	Pub.L. 106–501	114 Stat. 2226	H.R. 782	William J. Clinton
October 17, 2006	Pub.L. 109–365	120 Stat. 2522	H.R. 6197	George W. Bush
April 23, 2007	Pub.L. 110–19	121 Stat. 84	S. 1002	George W. Bush

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